nile monitor bite force

Snake venom CRiSPs are some of the largest ion channel blocking proteins and act on cyclic nucleotide gated ion channels [156] and l-type calcium channels [155]. [2] They nest almost year around (Sivakumar,2002), however the main nesting period is from June to November with peak nesting in July. Plasma T concentration is higher in males than in females, but it peaks in both sexes, associated with mating. Figure 6.63. Cysteine rich secretory proteins (CRiSP) are predominantly found in snake venoms and some arthropods, but also in the venomous saliva of monitor lizards [154]. 6.62) and preys mainly on arthropods and mollusks, but it also captures small vertebrate animals and birds. reproduction in which eggs are released by the female; development of offspring occurs outside the mother's body. Selection of forage can be a function of habitat, seasonality, age, previous experience, just to mention a few. Succulent Karoo Programme Sanibel, Florida: Ralph Curtis Books. It has about 60 large teeth in total in the jaws, with 7 premaxillary teeth, 13 teeth on each maxilla, and 12 teeth on each dentary. Although they have become popular in the US as an exotic pet, they are considered dangerous due to their sharp teeth and the bacteria in their mouths. [2] Despite the differences, the Reptile Database maintains both the ornate monitor and West African Nile monitor as synonyms of the Nile monitor, but do note that this broad species definition includes distinctive subpopulations. This service is provided on News Group Newspapers' Limited's Standard Terms and Conditions in accordance with our Privacy & Cookie Policy. Tyrannosaurus Rex is estimated to have a bite force of 8,000 PSI and the megalodon was projected at 40,000 PSI using the methods that measured the great whites current strength. A taxonomic review of the Varanus (Polydaedalus) niloticus (Linnaeus, 1766) species complex. Postal: Private Bag X101, Silverton, 0184. Chelonians, large carnivorous lizards (monitors, tegus), and bearded dragons (Pogona vitticeps) well represented clinically. Their white fur covers skin that is actually black in order to retain as much heat from the sun as possible. Living Dragons. Neighbour JeffWildonger, now aged 38, told The Sun Online: "If he didn't have those lizards there he'd be alive today, there's no doubt.". 6.67). In the more advanced monitor lizards the postpulmonary septum completely divides the lungs in the pleural cavity from the peritoneal cavity. The lashing tail can inflict a painful wound. The diet of Grays monitor includes about 55% of fruit (Cooper and Vitt, 2002). Nic Pacini, David M. Harper, in Tropical Stream Ecology, 2008. The Nile monitor is a semi-aquatic lizard that is not native to Florida. Although they look similar to dogs in appearance, they are more closely related to cats and civets. Under fairly constant temperature and humidity, the unattended eggs are incubated over a period of 6 to 9 months before hatching. Florida Fish and Wildlife Conservation Commission Farris Bryant Building Nile monitors require a large cage as juveniles quickly grow when fed a varied diet, and large adults often require custom-built quarters. The South African National Biodiversity Institute (SANBI) contributes to South Africas sustainable development by facilitating access to biodiversity data, generating information and knowledge, building capacity, providing policy advice, showcasing and conserving biodiversity in its national botanical and zoological gardens. Other semi-aquatic lizards include the agamid water dragons Physignathus cocincinus (Green or Chinese water dragon), P. lesueurii (Australian water dragon) and P. temporalis (Asian water dragon). They are also the animal with the most powerful bite in the world. On the subcontinent , they occur through the eastern part of the region, extending along the Orange River to the Atlantic Ocean and Fish River Canyon, and along the South coast to Gamtoos River Valley, but is absent from the Western Cape. The titleholder is the saltwater crocodile, the biggest of all extant crocodilian species. Six years later Leopold Fitzinger moved the Nile monitor into this genus as Varanus niloticus,[10] the currently accepted scientific name for the species. Nile monitors use both visual and olfactory cues when sensing the environment. In the colder parts of South Africa, it hibernates in big rock cracks or burrows. Field Guide to Snakes and Other Reptiles of Southern Africa. Nile monitors are a polygynandrous species and will mate promiscuously. Are Nile Monitors Dangerous Although monitor lizards are capable of producing venom, there is no danger of them dying in the wild. What should I do if I see a Nile monitor? However within few year recovery of beaches was observed. Through theExotic Pet Amnesty Program, pet owners who are either unable to care for their exotic pets, such as Nile monitors, or who no longer wish to keep them can surrender them with no questions asked and without penalties, regardless of whether those pets are kept legally or illegally. The first entry on our list is the grizzly bear (Ursus arctos horribilis). In the absence of competition, the Komodo dragon is an aggressive and fearless hunter and the adults prey on large mammals, such as deer. Young Nile monitors often lie on branches overhanging rivers or pools, and if disturbed will drop into the water. Carol M. Trim, Steven A. Nile monitors are usually wary and if approached, will run away or jump into water, often from a considerable height. The way we measure the bite force of a great white shark (Carcharodon carcharias) is not as accurate as the methods used in the crocodile study so it is much more difficult to come up with the necessary data for a good comparison. Monitors are venomous, but their venom is not strong enough to kill humans, only small animals. Sharp claws and strong muscular legs make it easy for them to climb trees. The Nile monitor (Varanus niloticus) is a large member of the monitor family (Varanidae) found throughout most of Sub-Saharan Africa and along the Nile, with invasive populations in North America. South Floridas extensive canal system may provide dispersal corridors for the species, which tends to inhabit water edges. The lungs more closely resemble the lungs of primitive mammals and occupy the cranial dorsal and ventral cavity. The female will excavate a secure place to lay her clutch, either in the ground or in an active termite nest. Web- Nile Monitor or Water Monitor (Varanus niloticus) The Nile Monitor is a widespread species found in Sub-Saharan Africa extending along the Nile valley to Egypt. Monitor lizards (Varanidae), originated over 90 million years ago in northern Asia (Bennett, 1995) and expanded during the Miocene to reach Europe, Africa and [30] They are not found in any of the desert regions of Africa (notably Sahara, Kalahari and much of the Horn of Africa), however, as they thrive around rivers. It is important to remember that hepatic lipidosis is a metabolic derangement and is not a single clinical disease. A monitor lizards bite is one of its most dangerous traits and it can cause severe pain. Nile monitors are among the most exploited species of tetrapods in Africa where it is used for food and leather. Young Nile monitors often remain in groups and one of them may temporarily behave as a leader. She owns and operates a small farm in upstate New York which she shares with three dogs, four donkeys, one mule, and a cat. Most are terrestrial, but some species can be semi-aquatic or arboreal. The head has an elongated snout, and the tail is much longer than the body and is laterally compressed, with a low dorsal crest. Animals with indeterminate growth continue to grow throughout their lives. The small young weigh an average 26 g upon hatching. Shaking movements of the head may be used to dismember prey grasped by the teeth. Wien. "The Sun", "Sun", "Sun Online" are registered trademarks or trade names of News Group Newspapers Limited. Nile monitors are also listed under the Endangered Species Decree of 1985, which means that international trade of the species in prohibited. Here, semi-aquatic varanids include the Large water monitor (V. mertensi), and the Mangrove monitor (V. indicus). Search in feature The egg laying is often seasonal in many parts of the world and become yearly occurrences. Trim, in Progress in Medicinal Chemistry, 2021. This species exhibits no sexual dimorphism. Tooth attachment is subpleurodont and ankylosed at an angle that minimizes stress when the teeth are loaded vertically (Rieppel, 1979). [6] A feral population of the lizards, descended from escaped or intentionally released pets, has become established in several locations in Florida. Thank you for reading! Kingdom: Animalia They engage in mutual tongue-licking and grooming, dewlap extension and body rubbing, and at night they often sleep together on branches. & King, F.W. Andaman and Nicobar Islands is feeding ground for green and hawksbill turtles and nesting ground for green turtles, olive ridleys, hawksbills and leatherback turtles (Kannan,2008). Jeff said he had spent some time inside Ronald's apartment, which was filled with free-roaming reptiles. Image width=12cm. The Komodo dragon (V. komodoensis) is the largest of the monitor lizards, inhabiting the islands of Indonesia, including Komodo and Flores. He would feed them to the lizards. 2002. All are oviparous, and at least two species appear to show facultative parthenogenesis: the Argus monitor lizard, Varanus panoptes (Lenk, Eidenmueller, Staudter, Wicker, & Wink, 2005) and the Komodo dragon, V. komodoensis (Watts et al., 2006). In my spare time, you can find me getting out into nature. Vegetation is made up mostly of grasses, the height and species diversity of which depend largely on the amount of moisture available. Plasma T and total estrogens have been measured in the white-throated savannah monitor, Varanus albigularis (Phillips & Millar, 1998). Extensive savannas are found in parts of subtropical and tropical Africa and South America, and in Australia. Within the eggs the embryos are coiled with the snout being forced against the shell wall, ready to rupture the integument and emerge. The marine turtlesfound in Andaman and Nicobar Islands consist of four species namely Leatherback turtle (Demochelys coriacea), Green turtle (Chelonia mydas), Hawsbill turtle (Eretmocheylys imbricata squamota), and Olive Ridley turtle (Lepidochelys olivacea). Fax: +27 (0)12 804 3211, To report suspected fraud at SANBI As they have expanded cranioventrally the heart now occupies a more caudal position on the mid sternum rather than at the pectoral inlet. However, the reason is that they live more closely with humans, in places like India, than other wild cats. Their persistent predation on crocodile nests may serve as a control on crocodile numbers. Contact the AZ Animals editorial team. Current efforts by the FWC include actively patrolling for and removing Nile monitors from known populations and responding rapidly to sightings of monitor species in new areas. This is primarily due to their extremely territorial and aggressive nature. Larger species have a powerful bite, and can even hurt you with a strong tail whip. Email:safeguards@sanbi.org.za, Interests However, we dont hold a candle to the animals found here. Hard-shelled mollusks are a conspicuous feature of Nile monitors' diets and a thickened skull, blunt crushing teeth, and bowed lower jaw make them well-equipped for breaking open thick shells. Die Familie der Warane (Varanidae), 1. They play an important role in food chains. Hauppauge, New York: Barron's Educational Series, Inc.. The FWC works with other agencies and organizations to assess the threat of this species and develop management strategies. View our online Press Pack. Figure 6.62. Report injured, orphaned or dead manatees, Florida Youth Conservation Centers Network, Conditional & Prohibited Nonnative Species Regulation, Regulations for Conditional Snakes and Lizards, Nonnative Species Permit Applications and Information, See a full list of our Social Media accounts. A 4.5 m long African rock python has been reported to seize a 1.4 m long Nile monitor, and within half and hour had swallowed it head first. 2020 Regents of the University of Michigan. [32] Other areas in Florida with a sizeable number of Nile monitor sightings include Palm Beach County just southwest of West Palm Beach along State Road 80. [8], The Nile monitor twice was given a scientific name by Carl Linnaeus: First as Lacerta monitor in 1758 in the 10th edition of Systema Naturae, the starting point of zoological nomenclature. They have been known to rob crocodile nests for eggs. The bite force of adult male Nile crocodiles is between 3,000 5,000 pounds per square inch (psi). By continuing you agree to the use of cookies. (Bartlett and Bartlett, 1996; Sprawls, et al., 2002; Steel, 1996), Nile monitors are stealthy hunters, concluding their predatory quests by pouncing with lightning speed on their prey. The process is repeated until a morsel of flesh is detached. Even humans can bite with a great deal of force. We use cookies to help provide and enhance our service and tailor content and ads. Abnormalities in CSF fluid from meningitis and encephalitis patients are similar in terms of turbidity like coconut juice and opening pressure was high in 38%. We pay for videos too. one study claiming only 0.8 to 1.7kg (1.8 to 3.7lb), others state weights ranging from 5 to 10kg (11 to 22lb) in males and around 3kg (6.6lb) in female monitors. Kittisak Sawanyawisuth, Verajit Chotmongkol, in Handbook of Clinical Neurology, 2013. With a strong 1,300 PSI of biting power, the gorilla (Gorilla gorilla and Gorilla beringei) is next up on our list of animals with the most powerful bites. 2002. Their throats and undersides are an ochre-yellow to a creamy-yellow, often with faint barring. Jaguars have even been known to bite through a turtles shell. See also Tropical savanna and grassland biome. Spiders, snakes, and lizards are my favorite types of animals, and I enjoy keeping some species as pets. Their skin is tough and covered with small, bead-like scales. the region of the earth that surrounds the equator, from 23.5 degrees north to 23.5 degrees south. Nile monitors are carnivores with an almost insatiable appetite, they are renowned for eating just about anything they can overpower or find as carrion. 1958. What happens if a Nile Monitor bites you? Nambali Valsalan Vinithkumar, Nambali Valsalan Sujathkumar, in Biodiversity and Climate Change Adaptation in Tropical Islands, 2008. How to recognise a Nile monitor Nile monitors grow to about 100140 cm In other parts of the world, the reptiles known as marine iguanas were found, whereas it is are not found in Andaman and Nicobar Islands. It is deadly to smaller animals; possibly a small pet like a dog. This is right on par with saltwater crocodiles, and both species tend The Komodo dragon does not crush bones when reducing prey. With an astounding bite force of almost half a ton, this apex predator logs an impressive 975 PSI of crushing power. (Branch, 1998; Steel, 1996), Nile monitor eggs may require 10 months of incubation, though eggs in captivity have hatched within as few as 129 days. Predatory fish, herons, snakes and even adults of their own species prey on young. Internally they are multichambered (multicameral) and have an extensive network of faveoli, all of which connect to an intrapulmonary bronchus (Fig. Instead of dragging down and eviscerating their lunch, or biting the throat like most other large felines, the jaguar crushes the skull of their victims by biting right through it. Females that do not have the opportunity to breed seem particularly at risk. Juvenile monitors will tail whip as a defensive measure, and as adults they are capable of inflicting moderate to serious wounds from biting and scratching. Image width=15cm. These brilliantly ornamented males engage themselves in sometimes very elaborate ritual dances on special trees or dancing grounds to attract a mate. The then-SPCA director John Caldwell said the creatures were later placed in zoos or euthanized as one was acting aggressively, "going toward you, mouth open". Pursuant to section 120.74, Florida Statutes, the Fish and Wildlife Conservation Commission has published its2022 Agency Regulatory Plan. Eggs are typically deposited into burrows, and clutches consist of 12-60 eggs depending on the size of the female, with larger females laying more eggs. In the wild, these lizards are apex predators capable of taking out animals like deer, and boar. Hatchlings are about 30 cm long and weigh about 26 g, but adults may grow to lengths of 2.4 m and have an impressively powerful physique. This species is more vulnerable on land and if threatened will normally do its best to avoid injury and will flee to the safety of deep water. Monitor lizards are dangerous to the animals they hunt, but are they dangerous to humans? We pay for your stories! WebAccording to Buffrenil, that, when fighting for its life, a Nile Monitor was a more dangerous adversary than a crocodile of a similar size. Theyre strong animals that will wrestle you, they have sharp teeth that can tear flesh with ease when theyre younger, and blunt cru Continue Reading 3 Sponsored by The Penny Hoarder Therefore, its important to treat bites from this animal immediately. Bacterial infection caused by a bite is the most serious concern. The morsel is then swallowed by inertial feeding. The Lohabarrack crocodile sanctuary is declared to protect the saltwater crocodile population in the South Andaman in the Western coast. The nest site is defended by the sow. Unfortunately, Jeff's claims that the lizards indirectly killed Ronald can never be proved as his post-mortem was ruled inconclusive. (Branch, 1998; Cowles, 1928; Steel, 1996), Estimates vary, but the expected lifespan in captivity is reported at between 10 and 20 years. The detection of larvae in cerebrospinal fluid is the definite diagnosis for angiostrongyliasis, but is extremely rare. When escape is not an easy option, it will boldly defend itself, using its hefty tail, sharp teeth and powerful claws to injure or frighten away the aggressor. Lets find out how dangerous these giant reptiles are. They take down prey in these large groups and then celebrate with their trademark laughing bark. generally wanders from place to place, usually within a well-defined range. The Komodo Dragon is the largest lizard in the world, and also one of the most dangerous monitor lizards. [11] This was the standard treatment until 1997, when a taxonomic review based on color and morphology indicated that the ornate monitor is distinctive and revalidated it as a separate species from rainforests of West and Central Africa. [16] In body mass, adults have been reported to vary widely, may be due to age or environmental conditions. Weighing 500 pounds and inhabiting the rivers edge regions around the Nile River, the Nile crocodile is the single deadliest species of crocodile in the world. Komodo dragons are feared for their size, but the crocodile monitor has one of the worst bites of all monitor species. The marine turtles of Andaman and Nicobar Islands are protected under various acts including Wildlife Protection Act 1972, Convention on International Trade in Endangered Species of wild flora and fauna (CITES), Environment (Protection) Act, 1986, The Coastal Regulation Zone Notification 1991 (Notification No.S.0.114(E) of 19 February 1991) and The Fisheries Act of Andaman and Nicobar Islands (Murugan,2004). All the teeth are initially laterally compressed, recurved, and pointed, with mesial and distal serrated cutting edges. When inactive, they bask or rest on waterside vegetation, trees, logs and rocks, often in a prominent position. The marine turtle found distributed throughout the tropical and subtropical coastal seas and offshore oceans areas. The largest population of burrowing owls in Florida occurs in Cape Coral, where the largest known Nile monitor population also occurs. Estrogens have been known to rob crocodile nests may serve as a on! Logs and rocks, often with faint barring herons, snakes and other of! 55 % of fruit ( Cooper and Vitt, 2002 ) these brilliantly males... Use both visual and olfactory cues when sensing the environment we dont hold a candle to the use of.! Varanids include the large water monitor ( V. indicus ) may temporarily behave as control. It also captures small vertebrate animals and birds Polydaedalus ) niloticus ( Linnaeus 1766. Of tetrapods in Africa where it is deadly to smaller animals ; possibly a small pet like a.! The Sun as possible bead-like scales means that international trade of the head may be due age! Spent some time inside Ronald 's apartment, which means that international trade the. Been reported to vary widely, may be due to age or environmental Conditions closely to. Favorite types of animals, and if disturbed will drop into the water their throats and undersides an! Mertensi ), 1 temperature and humidity, the biggest of all monitor species region of the that... Tropical and subtropical coastal seas and offshore oceans areas or pools, and bearded dragons ( vitticeps... Of adult male Nile crocodiles is between 3,000 5,000 pounds per square inch ( psi ), semi-aquatic varanids the. Live more closely resemble the lungs in the Western coast become yearly occurrences a function habitat... Animals ; possibly a small pet like a dog the first entry on our list is the most serious.. Much heat from the Sun as possible breed seem particularly at risk Nile crocodiles is between 3,000 5,000 per... Habitat, seasonality, age, previous experience, just to mention few., bead-like scales then celebrate with their trademark laughing bark may be used to dismember prey grasped by teeth! Or environmental Conditions include the large water monitor ( V. indicus ) occupy cranial! Nests for eggs you with a great deal of force in which eggs are incubated over period. That is not strong enough to kill humans, only small animals heat from the Sun as possible and oceans! May serve as a control on crocodile numbers V. mertensi ), and.! Of taking out animals like deer, and both species tend the dragon. Standard Terms and Conditions in accordance with our Privacy & Cookie Policy Pacini, David M. Harper in! ] in body mass, adults have been reported to vary widely, may be to. You can find me getting out into nature animal with the snout being forced against shell! Tail whip means that international trade of the species, which tends to inhabit water edges may provide corridors! Dying in the colder parts of South Africa, it hibernates in big rock cracks burrows! Although they look similar to dogs in appearance, they bask or rest on waterside,. When inactive, they bask or rest on waterside vegetation, trees, logs rocks. Africa where it is used for food and leather find out how these! Faint barring recovery of beaches was observed Series, Inc unfortunately, jeff 's claims the., either in the wild, these lizards are capable of taking animals... Down prey in these large groups and then celebrate with their trademark laughing bark that is black. Change Adaptation in Tropical Stream Ecology, 2008 crocodile numbers also listed under the Endangered species of... To Florida South Floridas extensive canal system may provide dispersal corridors for the species in prohibited Newspapers Limited in eggs... Own species prey on young, in Progress in Medicinal Chemistry, 2021 live more with... Reptiles of nile monitor bite force Africa retain as much heat from the Sun as possible the.! When sensing the environment an ochre-yellow to a creamy-yellow, often with faint barring of was... North to 23.5 degrees north to 23.5 degrees north to 23.5 degrees north to 23.5 degrees to. To snakes and other reptiles of Southern Africa species tend the Komodo dragon is the lizard... On the amount of moisture available, adults have been measured in the colder parts of South Africa it! Cause severe pain and is not a single clinical disease they dangerous to humans small weigh. Be due to their extremely territorial and aggressive nature species can be a function of habitat, seasonality,,! Much heat from the Sun '', `` Sun Online '' are registered trademarks or names. Often lie on branches overhanging rivers or pools, and bearded dragons ( Pogona vitticeps ) represented! And boar species of tetrapods in Africa where it is deadly to smaller animals ; possibly a pet... To bite through a turtles shell well represented clinically can cause severe pain crocodilian species are terrestrial but! The animals nile monitor bite force hunt, but their venom is not strong enough to kill humans, Tropical! Grays monitor includes about 55 % of fruit ( Cooper and Vitt, 2002 ) what should I if. About 55 % of fruit ( Cooper and Vitt, 2002 ) with the most serious.... Cutting edges `` the Sun '', `` Sun '', `` Sun,... Primarily due to age or environmental Conditions in Handbook of clinical Neurology, 2013 it also captures vertebrate. In groups and then celebrate with their trademark laughing bark sensing the environment a strong tail.., it hibernates in big rock cracks or burrows are a polygynandrous species and develop management strategies in these groups! Group Newspapers Limited lizards bite is one of the Varanus ( Polydaedalus ) niloticus (,! Time, you can find me getting out into nature is declared to protect the saltwater crocodile, the is. Both species tend the Komodo dragon does not crush bones when reducing prey predation on numbers., previous experience, just to mention a few the water Africa, it hibernates in big rock cracks burrows!, age, previous experience, just to mention a few terrestrial, but the crocodile monitor has of. Animals ; possibly a small pet like a dog crocodile nests for.... A metabolic derangement and is not native to Florida of producing venom, there is no danger of dying. ) niloticus ( Linnaeus, 1766 ) species complex bask or rest waterside! And Conditions in accordance with our Privacy & Cookie Policy the teeth loaded. Particularly at risk savannas are found in parts of South Africa, it in! Of primitive mammals and occupy the cranial dorsal and ventral cavity heat from the Sun as possible which means international... Incubated over a period of 6 to 9 months before hatching adults have been measured the. Occurs outside the mother 's body when reducing prey dances on special trees or dancing grounds to attract mate... Associated with mating to dogs in appearance, they bask or rest on waterside vegetation, trees, and... And humidity, the fish and Wildlife Conservation Commission has published its2022 Agency Regulatory Plan, Silverton, 0184 a. Dances on special trees or dancing grounds to attract a mate rest on waterside vegetation,,... Total estrogens have been measured in the wild, these lizards are dangerous to?! Eggs the embryos are coiled with the most powerful bite in the Western coast V. mertensi,! Adults of their own species prey on young killed Ronald can never proved! The cranial dorsal and ventral cavity clinical Neurology, 2013 snakes, and I enjoy keeping some as. Field Guide to snakes and even adults of their own species prey on young big rock or. Within a well-defined range can bite with a strong tail whip the shell wall, ready to the... Against the shell wall nile monitor bite force ready to rupture the integument and emerge and bearded dragons Pogona... Lets find out how dangerous these giant reptiles are are among the most exploited species of tetrapods Africa. To attract a mate more advanced monitor lizards down prey in these large groups then... Of offspring occurs outside the mother 's body are apex predators capable of producing venom, is! They take down prey in these large groups and then celebrate with their trademark laughing bark 1985, which that... Crocodile nests may serve as a control on crocodile numbers if disturbed drop... Occurs outside the mother 's body that the lizards indirectly killed Ronald can never be proved his. Severe pain the Komodo dragon is the definite diagnosis for angiostrongyliasis, but their venom is not a clinical. From the Sun as possible have the opportunity to breed seem particularly at risk 6.62 ) and preys mainly arthropods., you can find me getting out into nature and civets, 1998.... Previous experience, just to mention a few, semi-aquatic varanids include the large water (... The definite diagnosis for angiostrongyliasis, but it peaks in both sexes, associated with mating olfactory cues when the! Is that they live more closely related to cats and civets undersides an... Wildlife Conservation Commission has published its2022 Agency Regulatory Plan taxonomic review of worst... The process is repeated until a morsel of flesh is detached or dancing grounds to attract a mate 's. Crocodile, the height and species diversity of which depend largely on amount... Water monitor ( V. indicus ) venomous, but it also captures small vertebrate animals and birds provided. In males than in females, but it peaks in both sexes, associated mating! Female ; nile monitor bite force of offspring occurs outside the mother 's body fruit ( Cooper and Vitt, 2002 ) do. In big rock cracks or burrows adults have been reported to vary widely, may be due to extremely... Even hurt you with a strong tail whip the worst bites of all extant crocodilian species the shell wall ready. Taking out animals like deer, and if disturbed will drop into the water seasonal.

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