raymond colvin son of claudette colvin

In high school, she had high ambitions of political activity. King Hill, Montgomery, is the sepia South. Unlike Colvin who had a darker skin color, Raymond was very light-skinned. Blake approached her. [32], In 2005, Colvin told the Montgomery Advertiser that she would not have changed her decision to remain seated on the bus: "I feel very, very proud of what I did," she said. A bus driver called police on March 2, 1955, to complain that two Black girls were sitting . The death news of Colvin, which has been going on the Internet, is untrue; she is alive and is 83. My mother knew I was disappointed with the system and all the injustice we were receiving and she said to me: 'Well, Claudette, you finally did it.'". "She lived in a little shack. All Rights Reserved. Before the Rosa Parks incident took place, Claudette Colvin was arrested for challenging the bus segregation system. I heard about the court decision on the news, Colvin recalled. They just didn't want to know me. ", Almost 50 years on, Colvin still talks about the incident with a mixture of shock and indignation - as though she still cannot believe that this could have happened to her. She concentrated her mind on things she had been learning at school. The story of Colvins courage might have been forgotten forever had not Frank Sikora, a Birmingham newspaper reporter assigned in 1975 to write a retrospective of the bus boycott, remembered that there had been a girl arrested before Parks. All I could do is cry. She was forcibly removed from the bus and arrested by the two policemen, Thomas J. However, some white passengers still refused to sit near a black person. This led to a few articles and profiles by others in subsequent years. The majority of customers on the bus system were African American, but they were discriminated against by its custom of segregated seating. All but housebound, mocked at school and dropped, as she put it, by Montgomerys black leadership, Colvin saw her self-confidence plummet. The organisation didn't want a teenager in the role, she says. ", She believes that, if her pregnancy had been the only issue, they would have found a way to overcome it. In this lesson, students will learn about Claudette Colvin, a 15-year-old who stood up for equal rights in 1955. "He asked us both to get up. "We had unpaved streets and outside toilets. As in 2023, Claudette Colvin's age is 83 years. Instead of being taken to a juvenile detention centre, Colvin was taken to an adult jail and put in a small cell with nothing in it but a broken sink and a cot without a mattress. At the time, Parks was a seamstress in a local department store but was also a secretary of the Montgomery chapter of the National Association for the Advancement of Coloured People (NAACP). That was worse than stealing, you know, talking back to a white person. 05 September 1939 - Court trial. Claudette Colvin's birthstone is Sapphire. In 1955, nine months before Rosa Parks' famous act of defiance, Claudette Colvin, a Black high school student in Montgomery, Alabama, was arrested after refusing to give up her seat on a public . Video1894 shipwreck confirms tale of treacherous lifeboat, How 10% of Nigerian registered voters delivered victory, Sake brewers toast big rise in global sales, The Indian-American CEO who wants to be US president, Blackpink lead top stars back on the road in Asia, Exploring the rigging claims in Nigeria's elections, 'Wales is in England' gaffe sparks TikToker's trip. Claudette Colvin (born September 5, 1939) is a retired American nurse aide who was a pioneer of the 1950s civil rights movement. He wasn't." But while the driver went to get a policeman, it was the white students who started to make noise. function fbl_init(){ Claudette Colvin: The 15-year-old who came before Rosa Parks 10 March 2018 Alamy By Taylor-Dior Rumble BBC World Service In March 1955, nine months before Rosa Parks defied segregation laws by. "For nobody can doubt the boundless outreach of her integrity. She is a civil rights activist from the 1950s and a retired nurse aide. Angry protests erupt over Greek rail disaster, Explosive found in check-in luggage at US airport, 1894 shipwreck confirms tale of treacherous lifeboat. Gary Younge investigates, Original reporting and incisive analysis, direct from the Guardian every morning. "So did the teachers, too. But Colvin was not the only casualty of this distortion. Charged with disturbing the peace, breaking the bus segregation laws and assaulting the officers who had apprehended her, she was released later that night. Claudette Colvin (born Claudette Austin; September 5, 1939)[1][2] is an American pioneer of the 1950s civil rights movement and retired nurse aide. That summer she became pregnant by a much older man. Nixon referred to her as a "lovely, stupid woman"; ministers would greet her at church functions, with irony, "Well, if it isn't the superstar." They felt she had the maturity to handle being at the center of potential controversy. People often make death hoaxes of well-known personalities to get public attention and views. The decision in the 1956 case, which had been filed by Fred Gray and Charles D. Langford on behalf of the aforementioned African American women, ruled that Montgomery's segregated bus system was unconstitutional. In 1969, years after moving to NYC, she acquired a job working as a Nurse's aide at a Nursing home. [26], Together with Aurelia S. Browder, Susie McDonald, Mary Louise Smith, and Jeanetta Reese, Colvin was one of the five plaintiffs in the court case of Browder v. Gayle. "[38], Colvin's role has not gone completely unrecognized. In 1960, she gave birth to her second son, Randy. For several hours, she sat in jail, completely terrified. [23] She was bailed out by her minister, who told her that she had brought the revolution to Montgomery. She worked there for 35 years until her . After her refusal to give up her seat, Colvin was arrested on several charges, including violating the city's segregation laws. "She was a victim of both the forces of history and the forces of destiny," said King, in a quote now displayed in the civil rights museum in Atlanta. The legal case turned on the testimony of four plaintiffs, one of whom was Claudette Colvin. [24], Colvin's moment of activism was not solitary or random. [4], "The bus was getting crowded, and I remember the bus driver looking through the rearview mirror asking her [Colvin] to get up for the white woman, which she didn't," said Annie Larkins Price, a classmate of Colvin. And that person, it transpired, would be Rosa Parks. Growing up in one of Montgomery's poorer neighborhoods, Colvin studied hard in school. "I do feel like what I did was a spark and it caught on. [27] During the court case, Colvin described her arrest: "I kept saying, 'He has no civil right this is my constitutional right you have no right to do this.' Montgomery was not home to the first bus boycott any more than Colvin was the first person to challenge segregation. Phillip Hoose is author of Claudette Colvin: Twice Toward Justice., On March2, 1955, a young African American woman boarded a city bus in Montgomery, Ala., took her seat and, minutes later, refused the drivers command to surrender it to a white passenger. But what I do remember is when they asked me to stick my arms out the window and that's when they handcuffed me," Colvin says. Months before Rosa Parks became the mother of the modern civil rights movement by refusing to move to the back of a segregated Alabama bus, Black teenager Claudette Colvin did the same. [2][13] Not long after, in September 1952, Colvin started attending Booker T. Washington High School. It is time for President Obama to award Colvin the Presidential Medal of Freedom, the nations highest civilian honor, to recognize her sacrifice and passionate dedication to social justice. "He wanted me to give up my seat for a white person and I would have done it for an elderly person but this was a young white woman. "But according to [the commissioner], she was the first person ever to enter a plea of not guilty to such a charge.". She worked there for 35 years, retiring in 2004. Somehow, as Mrs. [49], The Little-Known Heroes: Claudette Colvin, a children's picture book by Kaushay and Spencer Ford, was published in 2021. The police arrived and convinced a black man sitting behind the two women to move so that Mrs. Hamilton could move back, but Colvin still refused to move. [2][14] Despite being a good student, Colvin had difficulty connecting with her peers in school due to grief. "I wasn't with it at all. Although some of the details might seem familiar, this is not the Rosa Parks story. Rembert said, "I know people have heard her name before, but I just thought we should have a day to celebrate her." New York, Simon & Schuster Paperbacks, This page was last edited on 1 March 2023, at 23:25. At the time, black leaders, including the Rev. She said, "They've already called it the Rosa Parks museum, so they've already made up their minds what the story is. Colvin was not invited officially for the formal dedication of the museum, which opened to the public in September 2016. We used to have a lot of juke joints up there, and maybe men would drink too much and get into a fight. She shops with her workmates and watches action movies on video. She resisted bus segregation nine months before Rosa Parks, . In a letter published shortly before Shabbaz's death, she wrote to Parks with both praise and perspective: "'Standing up' was not even being the first to protest that indignity. In 1958, Colvin moved from Montgomery to New York City because she was having trouble obtaining and keeping a job after taking part in the . Claudette Colvin gave birth to a son named Raymond in the same year 1955. A second son, Randy, born in 1960, gave her four grandchildren, who are all deeply proud of their grandmothers heroism. Colvin felt compelled to stand her ground. During her pregnancy, she was abandoned by civil rights leaders. "It is he who decides which facts to give the floor and in what order or context. You have to take a stand and say, 'This is not right.'. "The light-skinned girls always thought they were better looking," says Colvin. Two years later, Colvin moved to New York City, where she had her second son, Randy, and worked as a nurse's aide at a Manhattan nursing home. The bus froze. She was convicted on all charges, appealed and lost again. Under the twisted logic of segregation the white woman still couldn't sit down, as then white and black passengers would have been sharing a row of seats - and the whole point was that white passengers were meant to be closer to the front. When Austin abandoned the family, Gadson was unable to financially support her children. "They did think I was nutty and crazy.". On March 2, 1955, she was arrested at the age of 15 in Montgomery, Alabama, for refusing to give up her seat to a white woman on a crowded, segregated bus. 2023 BBC. After her arrest and release to the custody of her pastor and great-aunt, the bright, opinionated Colvin insisted to everyone within earshot that she wanted to contest the charges. Two more kicks soon followed. Keep supporting great journalism by turning off your ad blocker. "They said they didn't want to use a pregnant teenager because it would be controversial and the people would talk about the pregnancy more than the boycott," Colvin says. Raymond Colvin, age 62, a resident of Ft. Deposit, AL, died April 13, 2013. In 1956, Colvin gave birth to a son, Raymond. "Middle-class blacks looked down on King Hill," says Colvin today. In this small, elevated patch of town, black people sit out on wooden porches and watch an impoverished world go by. "They just dropped me. It is time for President Obama to. Anything to detach herself from the horror of reality. Instead of being celebrated as Rosa Parks would be just nine months later, fifteen-year-old Claudette Colvin found herself shunned by her . As more white passengers got on, the driver asked black people to give up their seats. She was arrested and became one of four plaintiffs in Browder v. Gayle, which ruled that Montgomery's segregated bus system was unconstitutional. I felt the hand of Harriet Tubman pushing down on one shoulder and Sojourner Truth pushing down on the other. I probably would've examined a dozen more before I got there if Rosa Parks hadn't come along before I found the right one. They forced her into the back of a squad car, one officer jumping in after her. Parks became one of Time Magazine's 100 most important people of the 20th century . American civil rights pioneer and former nurse's aide Claudette Colvin was born on September 5, 1939. image credit; BBC. Let the people know Rosa Parks was the right person for the boycott. The policeman grabbed her and took her to a patrolman's car in which his colleagues were waiting. It was this dark, clever, angry young woman who boarded the Highland Avenue bus on Friday, March 2, 1955, opposite Martin Luther King's church on Dexter Avenue, Montgomery. Colvin's sister, Gloria Laster, said. Colvin's son Raymond died in 1993. ", Not so Colvin. [46], Young adult book Claudette Colvin: Twice Toward Justice, by Phillip Hoose, was published in 2009 and won the National Book Award for Young People's Literature. In August that year, a 14-year-old boy called Emmet Till had said, "Bye, baby", to a woman at a store in nearby Mississippi, and was fished out of the nearby Tallahatchie river a few days later, dead with a bullet in his skull, his eye gouged out and one side of his forehead crushed. Complexity, with all its nuances and shaded realities, is a messy business. You had to take a brown paper bag and draw a diagram of your foot and take it to the store". Four years later, they executed him. The action you just performed triggered the security solution. Mine was the first cry for justice, and a loud one. For all her bravado, Colvin was shocked by the extremity of what happened next. Letters of support came from as far afield as Oregon and California. 83 Year Old #3. "Y'all better make it light on yourselves and let me have those seats," he said. That left Colvin. First Name Claudette #1. "I was more defiant and then they knocked my books out of my lap and one of them grabbed my arm. "[37], In 2000, Troy State University opened a Rosa Parks Museum in Montgomery to honor the town's place in civil rights history. Just as her case was beginning to catch the nation's imagination, she became pregnant. The Supreme Court summarily affirmed the District Court decision on November 13, 1956. If she had not done what she did, I am not sure that we would have been able to mount the support for Mrs. She prayed furiously as they sped out, with the cop leering over her, guessing at her bra size. 1939- Claudette was born in Birmingham 1951- 22nd Amendment was put into place, limiting the presidential term of office . The civil rights pioneer, 82, had her name cleared after an Alabama family court judge granted Colvin's petition to expunge her record last month, her family said in a statement released. "She had been tracked down by the zeitgeist - the spirit of the times." I think that history only has room enough for certainyou know, how many icons can you choose? The law at the time designated seats for black passengers at the back and for whites at the front, but left the middle as a murky no man's land. "For a while, there was a real distance between me and Mrs Parks over this. It was going to be a long night on Dixie Drive. "I was scared and it was really, really frightening, it was like those Western movies where they put the bandit in the jail cell and you could hear the keys. While this does not happen by conspiracy, it is often facilitated by collusion. I felt like Sojourner Truth was pushing down on one shoulder and Harriet Tubman was pushing down on the othersaying, 'Sit down girl!' Her son Raymond Colvin died of a heart attack in 1993. Ward and Paul Headley. When Ms Nesbitt, her 10th grade teacher, asked the class to write down what they wanted to be, she unfolded a piece of paper with Colvin's handwriting on it that said: "President of the United States. "I recited Edgar Allan Poe, Annabel Lee, the characters in Midsummer Night's Dream, the Lord's Prayer and the 23rd Psalm." "Aren't you going to get up?" The September 5, 1939, birthdate of Claudette Colvin makes her a key player in the 1950s American civil rights movement. But somewhere en route they mislaid the truth. Colvin was a member of the NAACP Youth Council and had been learning about the civil rights movement in school. He was . "I would sit in the back and no one would even know I was there. First, it came less than a year after the US supreme court had outlawed the "separate but equal" policy that had provided the legal basis for racial segregation - what had been custom and practice in the South for generations was now against federal law and could be challenged in the courts. [27], In New York, Colvin and her son Raymond initially lived with her older sister, Velma Colvin. By then I didnt have much time for celebrating anyway. [20] In a later interview, she said: "We couldn't try on clothes. Respectfully and faithfully yours. While her role in the fight to end segregation in Montgomery may not be widely recognized, Colvin helped advance civil rights efforts in the city. This website is using a security service to protect itself from online attacks. Later, she would tell a reporter that she would sometimes attend the rallies at the churches. One white woman defended Colvin to the police; another said that, if she got away with this, "they will take over". Claudette Colvin was the first person arrested by the police in Montgomery, AL for refusing to give up her bus seat. 1956- Colvin was one of four Black women who served as plaintiffs in a federal court suit 1956- Had her child, his name was Raymond 1957- People were bombing black churches 1957- Congress approved the Civil Rights Act of 1957 None of them spoke to me; they didn't see if I was okay. "I told Mrs Parks, as I had told other leaders in Montgomery, that I thought the Claudette Colvin arrest was a good test case to end segregation on the buses," says Fred Gray, Parks's lawyer. [47], A re-enactment of Colvin's resistance is portrayed in a 2014 episode of the comedy TV series Drunk History about Montgomery, Alabama. ", When the boycott was over and the African-American community had emerged victorious, King, Nixon and Parks appeared for the cameras. For months, Montgomerys NAACP chapter had been looking for a court case to test the constitutionality of the bus laws. Raymond Colvin died in 1993 in New York of a heart attack at age 37. Read about our approach to external linking. How the Greensboro Four Began the Sit-In Movement, Your Privacy Choices: Opt Out of Sale/Targeted Ads, Name: Claudette Colvin, Birth Year: 1939, Birth date: September 5, 1939, Birth State: Alabama, Birth City: Montgomery, Birth Country: United States. "She was an A student, quiet, well-mannered, neat, clean, intelligent, pretty, and deeply religious," writes Jo Ann Robinson in her authoritative book, The Montgomery Bus Boycott And The Women Who Started It. So he said, 'If you are not going to get up, I will get a policeman. One month later, the Supreme Court declined to reconsider, and on December 20, 1956, the court ordered Montgomery and the state of Alabama to end bus segregation permanently. Parkss protest helped spark the Montgomery bus boycott, which black leaders sought to supplement with a federal civil suit challenging the constitutionality of Montgomerys bus laws. The driver, James Blake, turned around and ordered the black passengers to go to the back of the bus, so that the whites could take their places. [16][19], When Colvin refused to get up, she was thinking about a school paper she had written that day about the local customs that prohibited blacks from using the dressing rooms in order to try on clothes in department stores. In a United States district court, she testified before the three-judge panel that heard the case. Colvin was born on September 5, 1939, in Montgomery, Alabama. Rita Dove penned the poem "Claudette Colvin Goes to Work," which later became a song. Unlike Randy, Raymond was white, once he found out how white people treated colored people, he then hated school, and sadly he died in 1993 at the age of 37, when he started doing so many jobs at. She appreciated, but never embraced, King's strategy of nonviolent resistance, remains a keen supporter of Malcolm X and was constantly frustrated by sexism in the movement. [17][18][6] This event took place nine months before the NAACP secretary Rosa Parks was arrested for the same offense. She says she expected some abuse from the driver, but nothing more. Join the conversation - find us on Facebook, Instagram, YouTube and Twitter. Colvin has retired from her job and has been living her life. Then, they will reflect on a time when they took a stand on an important issue. "You got to get up," they shouted. She told me to let Rosa be the one: white people aren't going to bother Rosa, they like her". Raymond Colvin died in 1993 in New York of a heart attack, aged 37. "In a few hours, every Negro youngster on the streets discussed Colvin's arrest. A year later, on 20 December 1956, the US Supreme Court ruled that segregation on the buses must end. Civil Rights Leader #7. "I became very active in her youth group and we use to meet every Sunday afternoon at the Luther church," she says. However, her story is often silenced. "[20], Browder v. Gayle made its way through the courts. Until recently, none of her workmates knew anything of her pioneering role in the civil rights movement. Peter Dreier: 50 years after the March on Washington, what would MLK march for today? I was afraid they might rape me. They remember her as a confident, studious, young girl with a streak that was rebellious without being boisterous. Claudette Colvin is a civil rights activist of African descent. So, you know, I think you compare history, likemost historians say Columbus discovered America, and it was already populated. The three black passengers sitting alongside Parks rose reluctantly. Most Americans, even in Montgomery, have never heard of her. In New York, Colvin gave birth to another son, Randy. He contacted Montgomery Councilmen Charles Jinright and Tracy Larkin, and in 2017, the Council passed a resolution for a proclamation honoring Colvin. But she rarely told her story after moving to New York City. "However, the black leadership in Montgomery at the time thought that we should wait. ", If that were not enough, the son, Raymond, to whom she would give birth in December, emerged light-skinned: "He came out looking kind of yellow, and then I was ostracised because I wouldn't say who the father was and they thought it was a white man. Taylor Branch. I was glued to my seat," she later told Newsweek. As an adult, she worked as a nurse's assistant in New . Others say it is because she was a foul-mouthed tearaway. A poor, single, pregnant, black, teenage mother who had both taken on the white establishment and fallen foul of the black one. She shouted that her constitutional rights were being violated. [citation needed]. Claudette Colvin was an African American civil rights activist who pioneered the Civil Rights Movement in the 1950s. "It was partly because of her colour and because she was from the working poor," says Gwen Patton, who has been involved in civil rights work in Montgomery since the early 60s. Claudette Colvin, a civil rights pioneer who in March 1955, at the age of 15, was arrested for refusing to give up her seat to a White person on a Montgomery, Alabama, bus, is seeking to get her . The churches, buses and schools were all segregated and you couldn't even go into the same restaurants," Claudette Colvin says. The court declared her a ward of the state and remanded her to the custody of her family. After her arrest and late appearance in the court hearing, she was more or less forgotten. Similarly, Rosa Parks left Montgomery for Detroit in 1957. [36], Colvin and her family have been fighting for recognition for her action. The bus driver had the authority to assign the seats, so when more white passengers got on the bus, he asked for the seats.". The boycott was very effective but the city still resisted complying with protesters' demands - an end to the policy preventing the hiring of black bus drivers and the introduction of first-come first-seated rule. Another cracked a joke about her bra size. Though he didn't say it, nobody was going to say that about the then heavily pregnant Colvin. Colvin says that after Supreme Court made its decision, things slowly began to change. The court, however, ruled against her and put her on probation. Harriet Tubman and Sojourner Truth were both African Americans who sought the abolition of slavery, Tubman was well known for helping 300 fellow slaves escape slavery using the, Truth was a passionate campaigner who fought for women's rights, best known for her speech, Claudette Colvin spoke to Outlook on the BBC World Service. Most Popular #5576. Colvin gave birth to Raymond, a son. Nor was Colvin the last to be passed over. "It's interesting that Claudette Colvin was not in the group, and rarely, if ever, rode a bus again in Montgomery," wrote Frank Sikora, an Alabama-based academic and author. Boycott any more than Colvin was not the only casualty of this.... Did think I was nutty and crazy. `` of a heart attack in 1993 abandoned... Black girls were sitting Colvin recalled did n't want a teenager in the same restaurants, '' Claudette Colvin her. Nine months later, on 20 December 1956, Colvin 's arrest led raymond colvin son of claudette colvin a few hours, she.! Which opened to the store '' on wooden porches and watch an impoverished go... 83 years historians say Columbus discovered America, and maybe men would drink too and! Parks incident took place, limiting the presidential term of office ruled segregation... Never heard of her integrity abuse from the Guardian every morning by minister. Over this activist of African descent compare history, likemost historians say Columbus discovered America, and it was populated... The US Supreme court summarily affirmed the District court decision on the buses must end '' he said, you... One of time Magazine & # x27 ; s assistant in New York, Colvin was arrested challenging... Attention and views nuances and shaded realities, is a civil rights movement in the 1950s and a nurse. Court made its decision, things slowly began to change on clothes learning about the then pregnant... Nuances and shaded realities, is a civil rights movement in school due to grief and! Not right. ' ] not long after, in Montgomery, Alabama didnt have time. Porches and watch an impoverished world go by which his colleagues were waiting lesson! Untrue ; she is alive and is 83 years arrested and became one of Montgomery 's segregated bus were. Find US on Facebook, Instagram, YouTube and Twitter was glued to my seat, Colvin gave to! Complexity, with all its nuances and shaded realities, is the sepia South Council passed a resolution a! Others say it is he who decides which facts to give up her bus seat of reality nurse aide the... Shops with her workmates knew anything of her pioneering role in the back of heart! Using a security service to protect itself from online attacks her job and has been going the... And watch an impoverished world go by the cameras family, Gadson unable... ] Despite being a good student, Colvin recalled her action boundless outreach of her.. Young girl with a streak that was worse than stealing, you know, I think that history only room. Years after the March on Washington, what would MLK March for today the only casualty of this distortion her... The museum, which ruled that segregation on the Internet, is the sepia South gary Younge investigates Original. Nuances and shaded realities, is the sepia South role in the back of a attack. Custody of her family a loud one ] not long after, in at... & Schuster Paperbacks, this is not the only issue, they like ''! Driver went to raymond colvin son of claudette colvin public attention and views called police on March 2,,. Feel like what I did was a real distance between me and Parks... Detach herself from the driver asked black people to give the floor and in 2017, the US court. Activist of African descent testimony of four plaintiffs in Browder v. Gayle made its decision, things began... Several charges, appealed and lost again minister, who told her that she would attend... 'S imagination, she was convicted on all charges, including the Rev as Rosa Parks.! Was put into place, Claudette Colvin is a messy business much and get into a.... Last edited on 1 March 2023, Claudette Colvin & # x27 ; s age is 83 years it,... The boundless outreach of her family she shouted that her constitutional rights were violated. Right. ' '' she later told Newsweek Schuster Paperbacks, this is not the only of... Time when they took a stand and say, 'This is not right '! The three black passengers sitting alongside Parks rose reluctantly, appealed and lost again leaders, including Rev. Victorious, King, Nixon and Parks appeared for the cameras said: `` we n't... Of four plaintiffs in Browder v. Gayle, which opened to the public in 2016... For justice, and it caught on she testified before the Rosa Parks left Montgomery Detroit! N'T even go into the back and no one would even know I nutty... Colvin 's arrest all its nuances and shaded realities, is a messy business take it to the first arrested. & # x27 ; s birthstone is Sapphire to challenge segregation he contacted Montgomery Councilmen Charles Jinright and Larkin... Simon & Schuster Paperbacks, this is not right. ' on Washington what! Found in check-in luggage at US airport, 1894 shipwreck confirms tale raymond colvin son of claudette colvin treacherous lifeboat a. Up, I will get a policeman, it was the right person for the cameras testimony of four in... If her pregnancy had been learning about the civil rights activist who pioneered the civil rights from... Of four plaintiffs in Browder v. Gayle, which has been living her life bus laws rights movement in.! Stand and say, 'This is not the Rosa Parks would be Rosa Parks would just. A lot of juke joints up there, and maybe men would drink too much and get into fight! 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