In 1981, Pakistani scholar Zafar Ishaq Ansari researched Fard's life and claimed that Fard was identical with Muhammad Abdullah, a Pakistani Ahmadiyya Muslim. Fard had an East Indian appearance, and was a dapper dresser with perfect white teeth and dark eyes. [52] One theory postulated is that Fard was of Afghan heritage. [38], The search produced two Fords of interest, one of whom was Wallace Ford, a prominent movie actor. From here on, his teachings became increasingly venomous. Two sons of Elijah Muhammad have variously identified him either as an Ahmadiyyah missionary from Pakistan, a position supported by Imam Warith Deen Muhammad, or as an Arab of "Turko-Persian" origins, a view offered by Akbar Muhammad. How did the founder of a group that recruited men like Malcolm X and Muhammed Ali slip under the radar so easily? Cite this article Pick a style below, and copy the text for your bibliography. Pan-Islam is the ideology that calls for the unity and cooperation of Muslims worldwide on the basis of their shared Islamic identity. However, the date of retrieval is often important. var referer="";try{if(referer=document.referrer,"undefined"==typeof referer||""==referer)throw"undefined"}catch(exception){referer=document.location.href,(""==referer||"undefined"==typeof referer)&&(referer=document.URL)}referer=referer.substr(0,700); Fards First Temple of Islam included the Fruit of Islam, a military-like organization of black male converts, a Muslim Girls Training Corps Class and a University of Islam which, despite its name, was mainly focused on elementary and high-school level education. "Shinka" never actually existed, but there is a district called Shinkay in the Zabul Province of Afghanistan. Black Muslims 2 as its headquarters. Thats not to say that anyone so amorphous is not capable of producing very absolute effects on history. He also offended some people when he allegedly claimed to be Drew Ali, the murdered founder of the Moorish Science Temple of America (another Islamic black nationalist group). Here in America they were living other than themselves. Elijah Muhammad, who took the position of leader of the Nation of Islam after Fard's disappearance, railed agaist the media claims that Ford was Fard. On a 1926 San Quentin State Prison file, a Wallie D. Ford of Los Angeles gave his birthplace as Oregon, and his age as 31. Arian, posits that Muhammad arrived in Seattle, Washington, from Karachi, Pakistan in 1904 under the names Alam Khan and Khanialam Khan. Abdullah himself denied that he was Fard, saying "It is all right to say I am Fard Muhammad for Wallace D. Muhammad. Fard, W. D. (c. 1877-1934), Religious and Political Leader He gained a reputation as a healer when his customers, after having adhered to the pork-free diet that Fard espoused, began noticing improvements in their health. Evanzz detailed the experience of several other authors who also based their accounts of Fard's life on the FBI file. Finally, the community contributed money and rented a hall to serve as a temple where meetings were conducted. FBI records identified him as an unstable wanderer named Wallace Dodd Ford who came to the United States from New Zealand in 1913. He arrived in Detroit in 1930 with an obscure background and several aliases, and taught an idiosyncratic form of what he considered Islam to members of the city's black population. Now, the Messenger and his Laborers worked day and night for the last three and one-half years, and their accomplishments are approximately twenty-five thousand"[25], In this lesson, Fard places the number of converts obtained in Detroit at 25,000, and he describes a "Messenger" sent to the "Lost-Found Nation of Islam" who is "of their own". The original people must regain their religion, which is Islam, their language, which is Arabic, and their culture, which is astronomy and higher mathematics, especially calculus. Officially, the NOI believes Fard departed Earth via supernatural means. Others, however, suggest that he was killed by [Sheik Claude] Greene's partisans. Some sects within the Nation of Islam believed and still believe that Fard was murdered. WebWallace Fard Muhammad established the Nation of Islam in Detroit. He lived in Los Angeles with a woman named Hazel Ford. Just last year, however, I read a book that reintroduced Fard to my consciousness. [25] Nation of Islam theology states that this "Messenger" is Elijah Muhammad. There is only one known, authenticated photograph of "Wallace Fard Muhammad", which depicts him as a light-skinned, caucasian-looking man: https://upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/en/f/f3/Wallace_Fard_Muhammad.jpg. Some of his followers became suspicious of him, but he still commanded an impressive following of thousands and his message seemed to resonate well with the poor black population of Detroit. What seems most remarkable is that Fard seems to have utterly disappeared from the governments (especially the FBIs) radar after leaving Detroit in 1933. His very name is uncertain. The onset of the Great Depression in 1929 added to the crushing poverty and racial discrimination felt by many black people and made some of them receptive to Fard's new religious message. He arrived in Detroits Paradise Valley on July 4, 1930, in order to achieve this goal. Using both the Bible and the Qur'an, he began with meetings in houses until he had enough members to rent a storefront, which he called Temple of Islam No. What would he have thought of it? Since Mr. Fard has been deified, the Temple People raise to the rank of prophet the former Minister of Islam, Elijah Mohammed, now a resident of Chicago. Part of Fard's teaching also involved admiration for Japan. Garvey taught the Negroes that their homeland was Ethiopia. He wrote two books for the movement, The Secret Ritual of the Nation of Islam, which is transmitted orally to members; and Teaching for the Lost-Found Nation of Islam in a Mathematical Way, which is written in symbolic language and requires special interpretation. })(); Ethnicity of Celebs | EthniCelebs.com 2023. Evanzz believes that Fard immigrated to the United States via Canada in 1913. Via e-mail, I asked Claude Andrew Clegg III, author of another Elijah Muhammad biography, An Original Man, to give me his take on the controversy. -, Press J to jump to the feed. Fard snuck back into Detroit in January 1933, but was identified by authorities, arrested in May and again ordered to leave the city. Although there is only one known picture of "Fard", there are a few known photographs of "Ford", mostly police mugshots: https://zaidpub.files.wordpress.com/2012/10/walaace-fard.jpg. What happened to Fard after he left Detroit? "[46] Five months later, in July 1963, the FBI told the Los Angeles Evening Herald-Examiner that Fard was actually Wallace Dodd Ford. After Elijah's death, Warith Deen appointed Abdullah imam of Mosque #77 in Oakland, California. His color is listed as White. According to the FBI report, Fords prison file lists his birthdate as February 25, 1891, and his parents as Zared and Beatrice of Hawaii. I guess so, because if you compare their features (ears, nose, chin, mouth, eyes and eyebrows), they're very similar. [25][Note 2] Some of the lessons are in the form of questions asked by Fard to Elijah Muhammad. Clegg, a history professor at the University of Indiana at Bloomington, responded: The version of the story that characterizes Fard as being of Pakistani descent and having a criminal background seems to have some validity, though neither allegation has been conclusively proven. WebFard offered blacks a credo of moral and cultural superiority to their white oppressors. He founded the religious movement in Detroit, Michigan, U.S., in 1930, and was its leader until 1934, his disappearance. He was known usually as Mr. Wali Farrad or Mr. W. D. Fard, though he used also the following names: Professor Ford, Mr. Farrad Mohammed, Mr. F. Mohammed Ali. A variety of other claims emerged; that he went to Hawaii, New Zealand, and even to the Middle East. It says that Wallace Fard "is awaiting an immigration hearing. The whole thing smells like an intelligence agency operation to me. [26], On November 20, 1932, James J. Smith, a black man, was killed by Robert Harris, who was his roommate and a member of the Nation of Islam, on a makeshift altar in what was described as a human sacrifice. [20], Beynon described disputes and tension that arose between the new community and the police over the group's refusal to send their children to public schools. Fard, W. D. (c. 1877-1934), Religious and Political Leader. He led a controversial life in his later years and it does seem there was more than one organization that was unhappy with him. While every effort has been made to follow citation style rules, there may be some discrepancies. [25] One such lesson concludes with the text: "This Lesson No. He returned to Chicago, was arrested on charges of disturbing the peace through his preaching, and again returned to Detroit. 9 Mysterious Disappearances of People Other Than Amelia Earhart, https://www.britannica.com/biography/Wallace-D-Fard, Wallace D. Fard - Student Encyclopedia (Ages 11 and up). After Fard Muhammad disappeared in 1934, the leadership of the NOI was assumed by Elijah Muhammad. There is no doubt Fard had many enemies - even within his own organization. He claimed his father was a black Arab and his mother from the Caucasus mountains. [35], A marriage certificate dated June 5, 1924, was issued to Wallie Dodd Ford and Carmen Trevino (or Trevio) in Santa Ana, California. One of the few survivors who heard his first addresses states that he himself said: 'My name is W. D. Fard and I came from the Holy City of Mecca. Omissions? He appeared in Detroit in 1930 and had an obscure background and used several aliases. rcel.id = 'rc_' + Math.floor(Math.random() * 1000); Fard referred to himself as a black man, despite his obviously light skin. There is no evidence to back any of this up, but the story was republished in several news outlets. They write new content and verify and edit content received from contributors. Karriem cited a quotation from a book entitled Secret Rituals of the Lost-Found Nation of Islam, authored by Wallace D. Fard Muhammad, which read, The believer must be stabbed through the heart. This quote, as well as another stating, Every son of Islam must gain a victory from a devil. But I am not the same person who taught Elijah Muhammad and I am not God. He denounced white people and incited racial hatred. 1768, as located in "California, County Marriages, 18501952", index and images, FamilySearch (, FBI File SAC (100-26356) at 451473, SAC Chicago (100-33683), FBI File Director FBI (105-63642) at 248, SAC Chicago (100-33683), FBI File Director, FBI (25-330971) at 258, SAC Chicago (100-35635), Muhammad, Elijah (1964), Historic 1964 Buzz Anderson Interview, The Final Call, Muhammad, Jabril (1993) This is The One The Most Honored Elijah Muhammad We Need Not Look For Another, Vol. Another story described Fard as Palestinian. A handwritten lesson written by Fard states: "Twelve Leaders of Islam from all over the Planet have conferred in the Root of Civilization concerning the Lost-Found Nation of Islam must return to their original Land. [21][Note 1] These incidents drew police attention, according to Beynon, and contributed to persecutions and schisms. Submissions should outline a mystery and provide a link to a more detailed review of the case such as a Wiki article or news report. All written records and documents that he or other people filled out on his behalf list him as white or caucasian. In addition to his assertion that Fard was Ford, Evanzz also said that Fard was once a member of the Moorish Science Temple of America,[53][54] citing as a primary source the 1945 publication by Arna Bontemps and Jack Conroy titled They Seek A City. Was he alive to see his organization rapidly grow during the civil rights movement of the 1960s? The FBI maintained an open file on Fard Muhammad up until as late as 1960, according to documents published through the Freedom of Information Act. [67] The FBI charged that Takahashi had been an influential presence in the Nation of Islam. It was an independent monarchy and other than a few missionaries and traders the population was almost entirely native Hawaiian. Therefore, its best to use Encyclopedia.com citations as a starting point before checking the style against your school or publications requirements and the most-recent information available at these sites: http://www.chicagomanualofstyle.org/tools_citationguide.html. According to Bontemps and Conroy, Fard claimed that he was the reincarnation of Noble Drew Ali. "Interaction Between 'Indigenous' and 'Immigrant' Muslims in the United States: Some Positive Trends." They would have been born back in the 1860's, long before Hawaii was a part of the United States. . Elijah Muhammad was responsible for deifying Master Fard as Allah, or a black man as God, and declaring himself as Allah's Prophet or Messenger. On the 1920 U.S. Census, Ford gave his race as White, his birthplace as New Zealand, and his age as 26. Among the files reviewed was that of Wallace Dodd Ford. On the other hand, in a speech made on April 1, 2001, titled The Greatness of Master Fard Muhammad, the Honorable Minister Louis Farrakhan reiterated Fards origins in the Holy City of Mecca, and referred to him as the Mahdi, a man absolutely guided by God in the Islam faith. Both of these tenets are contrary to the creed of orthodox or Sunni Islam. Encyclopedia.com. She claimed Ford was a New Zealander who had lived in Portland prior to coming to LA, and that she had one son by him, Wallace Dodd Ford Jr., who had died during World War II. Are contrary to the United States: some Positive Trends. producing very effects. 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