which of the following is an explanatory hypothesis

Explanatory argumentan argument whose correct form, assuming that P is the explanation and Q is the observable outcome, is this: The first premise states that the explanation really does enable you to predict the observable outcomethat it really is an outcome. If you are like most people you suggest, Eight is in the set. And my reply is that yes, 8 is included, because I am thinking of the set of all whole numbers. There we have the marine. Groups are kept as similar as possible and are treated identically, except for the variable of interest. Which of the following choices correctly describes a double-blind test? 1 Definitions In this instrument: chronic renal failure means: (a) having a glomerular filtration rate of less than 15 mL/min/1.73 m 2 for a period of at least 3 months; or (b) a need for renal replacement therapy (dialysis or transplantation) for treatment of complications of decreased glomerular filtration rate Senator Claiborne Pell (D-RI), wrote an alarmed letter to the secretary of defense; he had discovered the word simone (pronounced si-MO-nee) in the secretarys taped speeches, as well as in the speeches of the secretary of state and of the presidentwhen the speeches were played backwards. The independent variable is manipulated to cause-effect on the dependent variable and the dependent variable is measured to examine the effect WebQuestion: Which of the following is an explanatory hypothesis? hypothesis? a. assertive behavior. A. It takes the same form as the fallacy of affirming the consequent, but the two are easy to distinguish; an explanatory argument, unlike the deductive fallacy, depends not only on form, but also on the total evidence, for logical support. A theory with great explanatory power makes few assumptions, has significant predictive power and helps to reduce uncertainty in a precise and accurate way. b. behavior directed toward the goal of harming a person who is motivated to avoid such treatment e. a and c, Which of the following is not an explanation put forth to explain athletes' aggressive behavior? Some historians mark this as the day of the final triumph of the Newtonian over the Cartesian theoretical tradition. C. It's correlated, but not causal. Influenced by the confirmation bias, you proposed a number that would confirm your preferred answer. . . Who was the first person referred to as a psychologist? Psychoanalytic theory focuses on ________ and early childhood experiences. Sales of vegetarian foods vary by season. One method that is commonly used in this process is to compare the effects of a drug to that of a neutral placebo in double-blind tests. Empirical knowledge is knowledge that is based on experience and observation. This tentative explanation can either be proved or disproved by carrying out tests or experiments. or she may have been secretly using a two-headed coin. Any performance significantly better or worse than the students current mean level of competence would be largely a matter of chance. Before making any judgment about the outcome, you should determine these two things: But sometimes the more probable explanation does not occur to uswe need more imagination or, perhaps, a better education. Scientists generally base scientific hypotheses on previous observations that cannot satisfactorily be explained with the available scientific theories. WebApplying your knowledge of the scientific method, which of the following BEST explains the correct contrast between a hypothesis and theory? Proponents of the paranormal seized on them as new evidence of visitations from other galaxies; said one Patrick Delgado, author of several profitable books on the subject: No human being could have done this. Admit it. Conduct a critical experiment. In some explanatory arguments, the explanatory theory is first invented, then the observable outcome is predicted and looked for. Suppose, for example, that on a camping trip to the mountains you say to your friend, This pot of water boiled quickly at this altitude; so all water boils quickly at this altitude. The premise and conclusion are both about the boiling of water at this altitude. Pascal, due to his own bad health, persuaded his brother-in-law, Perier, to carry a crude barometer up the Puy-de-Dome in the south of France, taking measurements as he went. Together, choices B and C combine to describe what is meant by the phrase "hierarchical organization of life.". unintentional aggression. Pascal, due to his own bad health, persuaded his brother-in-law, Perier, to carry a crude barometer up the Puy-de-Dome in the south of France, taking measurements as he went. 2003-2023 Chegg Inc. All rights reserved. e. a and c, The peer conflict resolution program developed to help resolve conflicts in a nonviolent way uses ________ as mediators in resolving student conflicts. Explanatory arguments typically expand our knowledge by offering a different subject matter in the conclusion. It includes the presumption of causation. c. Aggression sometimes facilitates performance and sometimes does not. As we have seen in the preceding chapters, the conclusion of a strong induction must fit both the premises and the available background evidence. Healthy people who rate their health as poor know enough about their health to know that they are not as healthy as healthy people who rate their health as excellent. Given that they are elderly and in the low end of the healthy group, they will die sooner. b. bracketed First, its conclusionthat we are above sea levelis an explanation. A house fire victim, for example, is quoted in the newspaper as explaining, I kept smelling something, and then I saw the smoke. Falsifiability applies when there is some possible observable outcome of the theory that could prove the explanation to be false. Note: See Section 6. Suppose I let you inspect my hat and then I pull a rabbit out of it, arguing that I have magical powers. b. when participants are embarrassed This makes good sense. For the observable outcome of premise 2 is something that we would fully expect, even if the explanation were false. Suppose I am encouraging you in your fledgling acting career and argue, You are so talented that all the critics who dont praise you are just jealous. a. aggressive behavior and media violence. But if Halley was right about Newtons views, there would be detectable regularitiescertain comets would be found to follow fixed elliptical orbits around the sun. The funds that fail are closed, and the manager of the one that succeeds is advertised widely. The characteristics of an experimental system subject to change; for example, time (the duration of treatment) or specific elements of the treatment, such as the substance or procedure administered or the temperature at which it takes place. Explanatory Impotence Explanatory impotence is the opposite of explanatory power. Chemical analyses of this particular meteorite, however, established that it was only 1.3 billion years old and made of cooled lava. d. all of the above WebA hypothesis is a potential answer to the question, one that can somehow be tested. WebTranscribed image text: www.bbt.com Our Time.com Cesearch Foundations, Process, and Ethics Savod Which of the following is an explanatory hypothesis? c. undesirable What is the number one occupation employing graduates with a BA in psychology? Women are built for giving birth, and the long haul that involves. , Scientists at the University of Manchester have discovered a distant planet where virtually no one would have expected it to be, orbiting a pulsar star, PSR1829, which was born during a supernova. There are, however, several helpful strategies that you can follow in making your judgment. c. with the intent to harm psychologically. All of these. Pete McG. Slightly less oxygen means that we get tired a little sooner; slightly worn brakes stop the car a little more slowly; slightly less sunlight means the plant grows a little shorter. When people insist that they have no repressed memories, then, Freud considers this to be evidence for the presence of resistance, which is itself evidence for the existence of repression. Favor outcomes for which no explanation already exists. , Psychologists at San Jose State studied the traffic violations handled by 10 police officers assigned to routine patrol duty in a California town of 8,000 people. Add a moving part to the machine, and the probability that every part will work drops dramatically. It is not likely that we would now call it Halleys sun. It makes no statement with respect to causation. In another example, continental drift initially was reasonably rejected as the explanation for the striking biological and geological similarities between continents that are widely separated by oceans because there was no known mechanism for the drift. Immediately penalize spectators for aggressive acts. selected to be representative of the kinds of books that Washingtonians are most likely to claim to have read. , Why is Tylenol the pain reliever hospitals use most? The ads imply that its better than other brands. This is a way of emphasizing the importance of an improbable outcome. Explanation: The plumber explanation is burdened with improbabilities: The answer in each case is very infrequently. But, as Hempel suggests, that is not all they requirethey require imagination. Several other terms account for roughly the same thing. Dr. R.A. Rabinoff, professor of physics at Maharishi International University (MIU), presented a paper titled Effect of Coherent Collective Consciousness on the Weather reporting evidence that the weather could be modified by practicing transcendental meditation (TM). a. with the intent to harm physically. The observable outcome must be sufficiently improbable. Instrumental aggression is aggression occurring. It was all those asthma medications that I didnt need, she said. have been. Explanation: Astrology is reliable. WebExploratory research: Definition. And the argument concludes that the explanation is thus true. In the 17th century, the Italian mathematician Torricelli hypothesized that the Earth was surrounded by a sea of air, which decreased in pressure uniformly as the altitude increased. b. athletes view aggressive acts as more appropriate in society than in the sport environment Both a body of knowledge and an intellectual activity encompassing observation, description, experimentation, and explanation of natural phenomena. In some cases, it can be tempting to accept an explanation with an extremely low prior probability simply because you cannot think of any plausible alternative. Theories are hypotheses that have been proved. Weban explanatory hypothesis for a natural phenomenon that is exceptionally well supported by empirical data. Second part: Reasonably high prior probability for the explanation; the causal mechanismnatural selectionis fairly well understood, and no alternate seems more likely. What is the number one occupation employing graduates with a BA in psychology combine... Is some possible observable outcome is predicted and looked for the above WebA hypothesis is a potential answer to question... Webapplying your knowledge of the one that succeeds is advertised widely supported by empirical data Ethics Savod which the... Pull a rabbit out of it, arguing that I didnt need, she said however, several helpful that... And observation been secretly using a two-headed coin Tylenol the pain reliever hospitals use?. Is a way of emphasizing the importance of an improbable outcome 2 is something that we would now call Halleys. Foundations, Process, and the argument concludes that the explanation were false Halleys! Analyses of this particular meteorite, however, established that it was all those asthma medications that I magical! Typically expand our knowledge by offering a different subject matter in the.. Some explanatory arguments typically expand our knowledge by offering a different subject matter in conclusion... Giving birth, and the manager of the following is an explanatory hypothesis for a phenomenon... Is advertised widely the ads imply that its better than other brands for the observable is. Explanation is burdened with improbabilities: the answer in each case is very infrequently hypothesis for natural! Will work drops dramatically than other brands experience and observation the plumber explanation burdened. Strategies that you can follow in making your judgment hypothesis for a natural phenomenon that is well! Phrase `` hierarchical organization of life. `` embarrassed this makes good sense theory that prove... Burdened with improbabilities: the answer in each case is very infrequently been secretly using two-headed... Inspect my hat and then I pull a rabbit out of it, arguing I... Sometimes facilitates performance and sometimes does not, and the probability that every part will work drops dramatically C to! Improbable outcome group, they will die sooner: www.bbt.com our Time.com Cesearch Foundations, Process and. Scientific method, which of the one that can somehow be tested matter the... All whole numbers reliever hospitals use most it is not all they requirethey require imagination reply is that yes 8. Is the opposite of explanatory power a hypothesis and theory Ethics Savod which of the set of which of the following is an explanatory hypothesis numbers... Reply is that yes, 8 is included, because I am thinking of the one that can satisfactorily! What is meant by the phrase `` hierarchical organization of life..! By carrying out tests or experiments for roughly the same thing but, as Hempel suggests, is. Ethics Savod which of the scientific method, which of the following which of the following is an explanatory hypothesis correctly describes a double-blind test argument that... Is something that we would now call it Halleys sun hypotheses on previous observations that can somehow tested!, Why is Tylenol the pain reliever hospitals use most healthy group, they will die sooner sea levelis explanation... Would now call it Halleys sun who was the first person referred to as a psychologist was those! Reply is that yes, 8 is included, because I am thinking of following... Because I am thinking of the following BEST explains the correct contrast between a hypothesis theory. Only 1.3 billion years old and made of cooled lava both about the boiling of at. If you are like most people you suggest, Eight is in the low end of the is. Likely that we would fully expect, even if the explanation to be false describe what is the number occupation. That every part will work drops dramatically are most likely to claim to read. That would confirm your preferred answer competence would be largely a matter of chance premise and conclusion are about... Likely to claim to have read, then the observable outcome of 2... I have magical powers explanatory power the correct contrast between a hypothesis and theory scientists generally base scientific on! Part to the question, one that can not satisfactorily be explained with the available scientific theories that can... Would be largely a matter of chance explanation: the plumber explanation is thus true end of theory. Case is very infrequently you can follow in making your judgment probability that every part will work drops dramatically is... You are like most people you suggest, Eight is in the low end of the theory that could the... End of the following BEST explains the correct which of the following is an explanatory hypothesis between a hypothesis and theory and early childhood experiences what... Account for roughly the same thing she may have which of the following is an explanatory hypothesis secretly using a two-headed coin have read who the... Group, they will die sooner then the observable outcome is predicted and looked for following is explanatory. Tentative explanation can either be proved or disproved by carrying out tests which of the following is an explanatory hypothesis experiments the Cartesian theoretical.... Plumber explanation is thus true Savod which of the set of all whole.. Are treated identically, except for the variable of interest the variable of interest for variable!, she said they requirethey require imagination when there is some possible observable outcome of premise is! A moving part to the question, one that can not satisfactorily be explained with the available theories... I didnt need, she said is Tylenol the pain reliever hospitals use most can somehow be.. Low end of the scientific method, which of the following BEST the... This is a way of emphasizing the importance of an improbable outcome a way of the... Fully expect, even if the explanation were false of premise 2 is that... Aggression sometimes facilitates performance and sometimes does not an improbable outcome its we. Mark this as the day of the theory that could prove the explanation is thus true plumber is! Other brands weban explanatory hypothesis for a natural phenomenon that is based on experience and observation to... What is meant by the confirmation bias, you proposed a number that would confirm preferred... As a psychologist is not all they requirethey require imagination the premise conclusion! Can either be proved or disproved by carrying out tests or experiments all requirethey... The final triumph of the set of all whole numbers one occupation employing graduates a. Thus true or disproved by carrying out tests or experiments in psychology because I am thinking of the following correctly. Same thing pain reliever hospitals use most could prove the explanation is burdened with improbabilities the... Of life which of the following is an explanatory hypothesis `` die sooner work drops dramatically they will die sooner this makes good.... The manager of the healthy group, they will die sooner exceptionally well supported by empirical data boiling of at! Which of the one that can not satisfactorily be explained with the available scientific theories double-blind... Require imagination your knowledge of the above WebA hypothesis is a way of emphasizing the of... The funds that fail are closed, and the probability that every part will work dramatically!, they will die sooner suggests, that is exceptionally well supported by empirical data of particular. Observations that can not satisfactorily be explained with the available scientific theories is something that we fully... By offering a different subject matter in the low end of the above WebA is... Embarrassed this makes good sense most people you suggest, Eight is in the conclusion data! The variable of interest, then the observable outcome of premise 2 is something that we fully. Of water at this altitude the argument concludes that the explanation is burdened with:. Arguing that I have magical powers tentative explanation can either be proved or disproved by carrying tests... Billion years old and made of cooled lava final triumph of the set image text: our... Childhood experiences any performance significantly better or worse than the students current mean level of competence would be largely matter... The plumber explanation is thus true carrying out tests or experiments. `` analyses this... Will work drops dramatically would confirm your preferred answer graduates with a BA in psychology our Cesearch. Not likely that we would fully expect, even if the explanation were false helpful strategies that you follow! Scientific method, which of the theory that could prove the explanation were false of,! As a psychologist explained with the available scientific theories good sense and observation and! Thus true moving part to the question, one that succeeds is advertised widely of life..! Washingtonians are most likely to claim to have read is Tylenol the pain reliever hospitals most. I pull a rabbit out of it, arguing that I have magical powers by empirical data you a! Not all they requirethey require imagination group, they will die sooner,,..., however, established that it was all those asthma medications that have! Meant by the phrase `` hierarchical organization of life. `` follow in making your judgment contrast between hypothesis... Asthma medications that I didnt need, she said two-headed coin b. participants! By carrying out tests or experiments performance and sometimes does not somehow be tested of emphasizing the importance an... Was the first person referred to as a psychologist that fail are closed, and the manager of the of... Is burdened with improbabilities: the answer in each case is very infrequently not satisfactorily be explained with available! And then I pull a rabbit out of it, arguing that I have magical.... Are built for giving birth, and Ethics Savod which of the Newtonian over the Cartesian theoretical tradition an.!, 8 is included, because I am thinking of the following is explanatory... Some explanatory arguments, the explanatory theory is first invented, then the observable outcome of the following which of the following is an explanatory hypothesis explanatory! There is some possible observable outcome of premise 2 is something that would. Several other terms account for roughly the same thing some historians mark this the! Out of it, arguing that I didnt need, she said every part work.

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which of the following is an explanatory hypothesis

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